Signal quality evaluator

ABSTRACT

In an arrangement for evaluating an incoming speech signal to enable the selection of a receiver with the best quality speech signal over a substantial range of input signal levels, the logarithm of the input signal is processed in an absolute value and filter circuit to obtain the envelope of the logarithm of the input waveform which is next applied to a peak detector and to a valley detector. The output voltage of the peak detector is proportional to the logarithm of the speech peaks, and the output voltage of the valley detector is proportional to the logarithm of the noise floor voltage during the speech pauses. The peak and valley detector output voltages are applied to an arithmetic circuit which provides a voltage that is a function of the ratio of the speech peaks to the intersyllable noise floor.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

This invention relates to a signal quality evaluator and particularly toa circuit enabling the selection of a receiver with the best qualityspeech signal in a receiver signal selection system.

In mobile communication systems, the talk back range of the mobile orportable transceiver is limited because of the output powercapabilities. The talk back range can be extended by placing additionalreceivers in strategic locations, so that during transmission from aportable or mobile unit from any location in the expected coverage area,at least one receiver will receive a signal of sufficient strength toeffectively communicate to the dispatcher or main station. In themajority of cases, an acceptable signal will be present at more than oneof these satellite receivers.

The audio from each statellite receiver is generally transmitted overtelephone lines to a central location where electronic hardware is usedto determine which receiver has the best quality audio which is then fedto a common output. The system by which the selection of the bestquality signal from a number of inputs is provided, as described above,is referred to herein as the receiver selecting system. This type ofsystem is sometimes known as "receiver voting." To further complicatematters, the signal to noise (S/N) ratio from a particular satellitereceiver can change dramatically from the best choice to one that isun-acceptable during a signal transmission due to "Rayleigh fading." Thefading rate is determined by the channel frequency and the relativemotion between the transmitting and receiving antennas. In the 900 MHzband, the fading rate can approach 10 milliseconds.

Systems or arrangements for selecting the best signal from a pluralityof radio receivers are known in the prior art, as exemplified by U.S.Pat. Nos. 3,403,341; 3,495,175 and 3,729,681. The prior art systems havevarious disadvantages, some of which are: a selecting arrangement whichmakes irrevocable selection at the beginning of a radio transmission,even though the selected receiver may subsequently provide a poorsignal; a selecting arrangement which uses signals indicated by audibletones which are coded to indicate the best signal, but which must befiltered to avoid interference; a selecting arrangement which isrelatively slow in operation so that some signals may be lost; aselecting arrangement in which a weak signal with excellentsignal-over-noise is excluded in favor of a strong signal with poorquality; and a selecting arrangement which, although giving goodindications of the best received signal, is relatively complex.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

A signal quality evaluator for speech signals is described including apeak detector and a valley detector. The peak detector provides a signalproportional to the peak of received speech signals over a time period.The valley detector provides a signal proportional to the noise floorduring speech pauses. An arithmetic circuit coupled to the output of thepeak and valley detectors provides a signal indicative of signal qualitythat is proportional to the ratio of the speech peaks to the detectednoise floor.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

A more detailed description follows in conjunction with the followingdrawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a basic communication system using aselective receiver system.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the voting tone encoder system.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a selective receiver system.

FIG. 4 is a logic diagram of the selection output logic device in theselective receiver system of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of the system of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the S/N quality evaluator of FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 is a sketch of the voltage from the output of the S/N evaluatorand S/N enhancement of FIG. 3.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the S/N enhancement of FIG. 3.

FIG. 9 is a logic diagram of the priority logic and delay off timer ofFIG. 3.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a block diagram of a basiccommunications system. The system 10 includes, for example, four fixedlocation receivers 11, 12, 13 and 14, scattered at different sites 1thru 4. These sites may be located at the center of four sectors of asmall city. A relatively low powered transportable transceiver 19located on a person or car transmits low powered electromagnetic waves.These transmitted waves may be in response to a message it receives froma base station located somewhere in the city. The receivers 11, 12, 13and 14 are adapted to receive an electromagnetic wave emitted fromtransceiver 19. The quality of the signal received at each remote sitechanges with changes in the relative position of the transceiver 19 tothe remote sites 1 thru 4. The output of each receiver is coupled, forexample, by telephone lines 21, 22, 23 and 24 to a receiver selectingsystem 25. The receiver selecting system 25 may be at a base stationlocation. The coupling from remote sites to the receiver selectingsystem 25 may also be provided by a microwave relay network. The outputof the respective receivers 11 thru 14 is coupled to voting toneencoders 15, 16, 17 and 18, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 2, there is illustrated the tone encoder 15. A squelchtone is generated by a source 27 and is applied to a switch 29. Thereceiver audio is coupled to audio switch 30. The switch 29 is normallyclosed providing a signal flow from the tone generator source 27 throughthe line driver 28 to one of the telephone lines 21. Each of thereceivers 11 thru 14 includes a squelch system such as, for example, anoise squelch. The noise squelch is responsive to the presence of acarrier signal and hence quieting of the receiver for coupling the audioout of the receiver and is responsive to noise above a signal levelindicating the removal of a carrier to squelch or turn off the receiveraudio output. When the receiver is unsquelched, a control input from thereceiver becomes active and opens the switch 29 and closes the normallyopen switch 30. The signal flow in this mode is from the receiver audiooutput through switch 30 and line driver 28 to the telephone line 21.The tone from generator source 27 is used to indicate the lack of asignal present at that receiver site so that the receiver selectivesystem 25 can differentiate between a quieted receiver and a faultyaudio path. The tone encoders 16 thru 18 are identical to tone encoder15 described above with the squelch control signal in each of thereceivers 12 thru 14 determining the switched condition of the encoder16 thru 18.

The receiver selective system 25 in this example includes fourcomparator modules 31, 32, 33 and 34, and a control module 35, FIG. 1. Acomparator module is coupled to each one of the receivers 11 thru 14 viatone encoders 15 thru 18 respectively. Comparator module 31 is coupledvia line 21 to receiver 11 and encoder 15; comparator module 32 iscoupled via line 22 to receiver 12 and encoder 16; comparator module 33is coupled via line 23 to receiver 13 and encoder 17; and comparatormodule 34 is coupled via line 24 to receiver 14 and encoder 18. Thereceiver selecting system 25 selects the best quality signal from thefour receivers and provides only one output which is referred to as thevoted audio output.

Referring to FIG. 3, there is illustrated a block diagram of thereceiver selecting system 25. As mentioned previously, the receiverselecting system 25 comprises identical comparator modules 31, 32, 33and 34. Since these comparator modules are identical, only module 31 isillustrated in detail. The input signals from receiver 11 at site 1, forexample, are coupled via line 21 to the input and audio buffer 41. Theoutput from audio buffer 41 is coupled to a S/N (signal-to-noise)quality evaluator 43, a tone detector 45 and a voted audio switch 46.The tone detector 45 includes a filter selected to pass the encodedsignal from encoder 15. The tone detector 45 provides a high or logic"one" level signal when a tone is detected and a low or logic "zero"level signal without the received tone.

The basis for evaluating the audio quality at the S/N quality evaluator43 is that of determining the ratio of the speech peak to theintersyllabic noise. When there is no signal, this ratio is zero. As thesignal quality improves, the ratio increases. The particular S/N qualityevaluator 43 described provides an output level that decreases withimproved signal quality or greater ratio of speech peak to noise signalwithout the received tone. The S/N quality evaluator 43 preferred willbe discussed in more detail in a subsequent paragraph in thespecification. The output from the S/N quality evaluator 43 is coupledthru S/N enhancement 48 to comparator 50. Comparator 50 may be, forexample, an operational amplifier with an open feedback loop. The outputfrom enhancement 48 is coupled to the non-inverting input of comparator50. The S/N enhancement circuit 48 will be discussed in more detail in asubsequent paragraph. The S/N enhancement is normally inactive and inthe inactive state only passes signals to the comparator. Theenhancement when activated serves to enhance the signal applied to thecomparator so the system will favor that module. The output of the S/Nquality evaluator 43 is also coupled to a modulation detector 51. Themodulation detector 51 may be a simple diode and threshold circuitcoupled to the output of the S/N evaluator 43 to detect the presence ofa modulated audio frequency signal. The outputs from the tone detector45 and the modulation detector 51 are coupled to a fault detector andtimer 53. The fault detector and timer 53 is responsive to lack of atone and the lack of any modulation (audio) for 1.5 seconds, forexample, to generate a high (logic "one") level fault signal. The faultsignal is indicative of a dead line. The output from fault detector andtimer 53 is coupled to a voted audio switch control 55 and to selectedoutput logic 61. An output from tone detector 45 is a second input toaudio switch control 55. The high level fault signal to voted audioswitch control 55 provides a de-energizing low to switch 46disconnecting module 31. Audio switch control 55 is for example a NORgate. THe output from comparator 50 is coupled to input terminal S oflatch 57. Latch 57 also has an input terminal R coupled to the output ofa voting rate timer 73 to be described. Latch 57 provides either a high(logic "one") or a low (logic "zero") output level terminal at itsoutput terminal Q. The latch 57 is a flip-flop with input terminals Sand R arranged to be responsive to a transition from high level to a lowlevel at their inputs. When the input goes from a high to a low levelfrom the comparator to terminal S, the latch 57 is set to provide a lowfrom Q terminal. When the input to terminal R goes from a high to a low,the latch is reset to provide a high from Q terminal. The Q outputterminal of flip-flop latch 57 is coupled to selected output logic 61and priority logic 63. An output signal from the tone detector 45 iscoupled to selected output logic 61.

The selected output logic 61 may, as illustrated in FIG. 4, include anOR gate 62 and a NOR gate 64. The output S of tone detector 45 and faultdetector and timer 53 are coupled to NOR gate 64 via OR gate 62.Assuming there is no fault or tone, and consequently a low level (logic"zero") to NOR gate 64 at terminal 64a and Q is at a low level (logic"zero") as in the set position, a high (logic "one") level is providedout of selected output logic 61. If any or all of the inputs to NOR gate64 become a high (logic "one") level, as when there is a fault, adetected tone, or Q is reset, a low (logic "zero") is provided out ofNOR gate 64.

The output from a delay-off timer 67 and priority logic 63 provide otherinputs to the audio switch control 55. The priority logic 63 is used toprevent the connection of more than one audio output out of the systemat a time. The priority logic 63 is coupled to a bus 76 which is commonto the priority logic in all of the modules. If priority logic 63 is thefirst to have a low at its input terminal when latch 57 is set (a low),a low level output to audio switch control 55 is provided. The firstmodule to provide a low to the voted audio switch control 55 via lead63a will also provide a high to the priority bus 76 and a high to delayoff timer 67 via lead 63b. The high on the priority bus 76 is coupled toall of the other priority logics in the system. This provides a highfrom the other priority logics to its corresponding audio switch controlcausing blocking to all of the other received signals. The delay offtimer 67 acts to maintain the audio switch 46 closed once voted tomaintain reception when the system is revoting. Details of the prioritylogic 63 and delay off timer 67 will be described in subsequentparagraphs. As previously stated, the output from voted audio switchcontrol 55 controls the audio at switch 46. When the Q terminal of latch57 goes low first (logic "zero") with no tone, faults or any signal onthe priority bus 76, control 55 provides a high level which causesswitch 46 to change state (close), and coupled the audio present to theaudio processor 71 in the control module 35. Voted audio control 55 isfor example a NOR gate. All of the comparator modules 31, 32, 33 and 34are coupled in the same manner to the same audio processor 71 in thecontrol module 35.

Control module 35 includes a voting rate timer 73, and ramp generator75. The input of voting rate timer 73 is coupled to the output of theselected output logic 61 of comparator module 31 and to the output ofthe selected output logic of each of the comparator modules 32, 33 and34 via bus 74. The voting rate timer 73 provides a high level output forabout 50 milliseconds after there is received via bus 74 a high levelsignal from a selected output logic such as logic 61 in module 31. Afterthe 50 millisecond time period, the output from the voting rate timer 73provides a low level signal to the R terminal of latch 57 which causeslatch 57 to be reset to provide a high at the Q output terminal at thetime the transition occurs from a high to a low. The ramp generator 75provides a low during the time period when there is a high from thevoting rate timer 73. When the voting rate timer goes low (after 50millisecond period) the generator 75 provides a signal that climbstoward +V_(TH) at a rate of approximately 1 volt per millisecond. Duringthe 50 millisecond time period, the timer 73 provides a high at itsoutput and the voltage from the comparators is high (eg. comparator 50output is high for example) since the output from the ramp generator 75is held low. The low output from the ramp generator 75 is coupled to theinverting input of the comparators and is lower than the received signalcoupled at the non-inverting input of the comparator. At the end of the50 millisecond time period when the ramp signal equals the signal fromthe S/N enhancement (for example enhancement 48), the output from thecomparator goes low (comparator 50 for example goes low) and this iscoupled to the S terminal of latch 57 providing a low at the Q terminal.

The operation of the selecting system follows in conjunction with thetiming diagram in FIG. 5. During the time period T₀ to T₁, a squelchtone is being received at all of the comparator modules 31 thru 34. Inthis condition, the output from each of the tone detectors (such as tonedetector 45) provides a high level signal to the voted audio switchcontrol such as control 55 to provide a low or open condition to all ofthe audio switches (such as switch 46). The S/N quality evaluator 43 andthe evaluator in each of the modules has an output which is greater thanthe threshold voltage V_(TH). The ramp generator also provides thethreshold voltage V_(TH) during non-voting periods such as T₀ to T₁ bylimiting the maximum output voltage by a Zener diode. The latch 57 andthe latches in the other modules are in the R or reset condition andprovide for example a high at the Q output of module 31. The output fromselected logic 61 provides a low such that the entire select logic busis at a low. The priority bus is also at a low and the comparator outputis at a logic high position.

Assume, for example, that receiver 11 is the first receiver at time T₁to be unsquelched, the output of the S/N quality evaluator 43 goestoward ground, the actual level depending on the audio quality. When theoutput of the S/N enhancement circuit 43 at the non-inverting input ofthe comparator 50 goes below the threshold voltage V_(TH) at theinverting input of the comparator, the comparator 50 output changesstate and the normally high level output of the comparator becomes a lowlevel output which causes the latch 57 to be set. Setting the latch 57will generate a low level at the high Q output. The low level at the Qterminal of latch 57 causes a high to be provided to the selected bus 74from selected logic output 61, a high on priority bus 76, a low from thepriority logic 63 to voted audio switch control 55 and a high to thedelay off timer 67. The low at the voted audio switch control 55 causesa high output from switch control 55 which closes switch 46 to permitthe output from the receiver 11 to be coupled to the audio processor 71and voted audio out of the system. This high level output is providedfrom the switch control 55 provided there is no longer a detected toneor no fault detection or previous signal sensed on the priority bus 76.When the switch control 55 is providing a high level output signal toswitch 46 an enhancement control signal is coupled to S/N enhancement 48and the apparent S/N ratio is enhanced by 3 db for example by the S/Nenhancement circuit 48. The high level from the selected output logic 61provides a high level to the selected bus 74 and to the voting ratetimer 73. The voting rate timer 73 in response to this high on theselected bus provides for 50 milliseconds a high to ramp generator 75and a high to reset terminal R of latch 57. The high from the votingrate timer 73 causes a low at the output from the ramp generator 75which in turn causes the comparator 50 output to go high since thenon-inverted input is more positive than the inverting input.

At the end of the voting rate timer period T₂, the output from thevoting rate timer goes to a low level which causes the latch reset bus72 to go low which, in turn, resets the latch 57. Resetting the latch 57provides a high at the Q output. This high at the Q output causes boththe output of the selected output logic 61 and the priority logic 63 togo low. This low is coupled to the selected bus 74 and the priority bus76. Also in response to the low condition from the output of the votingrate timer 73, the ramp generator 75 provides a signal which climbstoward threshold voltage V_(TH) at a rate of approximately 1 volt permillisecond. When the ramp voltage at the inverting input to thecomparator 50 for example exceeds the enhanced S/N quality voltage fromS/N evaluator 43, the comparator 50 output goes low as shown at time T₃in FIG. 5. As stated previously, when the output of the comparator 50goes low, latch 57 is switched to the set position which will generate alow at the Q output which will provide a high to the selected bus 74 andpriority bus 76. The low from Q output will provide a low from prioritylogic 63 to control 55 to the voted audio switch 46 to couple thereceived signal at module 31 to audio processor 71. The previouslydescribed sequence between time T₁ and T₃ repeats and continues torepeat with a ramp signal generated after every voting rate time perioduntil either a squelch tone is received or modulation is no longerpresent. Although an enhancement is provided to each module which hadbeen previously selected, any of the modules may become the selected onewhen its quality is greater than the enhanced quality of the previouslyselected module as measured during the time period of the rampgeneration.

In the case where either a squelch tone is received or modulation is nolonger present on the incoming audio as indicated in time T₄, the outputfrom a S/N quality evaluator 43 or S/N enhancement 48 is greater thanV_(TH). In this case, the comparator 50 output does not change state andthe voting sequence is not initiated. Note that during the time periodT₂ and T₃, the select and priority bus are both low and the voted audioswitch 46 is held on by delay off timer 67. This allows any of thecomparator modules to be selected at the sample period, provided the S/Nratio is more than 3 db better than the S/N of the previously selectedmodule. The priority circuit is used to prevent the connection of morethan one audio output to the voted audio output at a time. Thecomparator module selected will place a high on the priority bus, thuspreventing the selection of any other modules until the next sampleperiod.

Referring to FIG. 6, there is illustrated in more detail, the S/Nquality evaluator 43. A signal, for example, at the input to the S/Nquality evaluator 43 includes the modulation signal level and the levelduring pauses in speech between words, sentences and syllables. Thelevel of noise during these speech pauses is dependent upon the receivedcarrier strength. Since the signal level at the receiver output is afunction of the frequency deviation of the input signal and the noisefloor during speech pauses is dependent upon the received carrierstrength, the magnitude of the noise floor has been used during thespeech pauses as a measure of the receiver output signal-to-noise ratio.If, however, a change in the gain (or loss) of any of theinterconnecting paths occurs so that the absolute value of the signalappearing at the input to the selector changes, an erroneous selectioncan be made when the selection is based on noise floor alone. In the S/Nquality evaluator 43, the best quality audio is selected on the basis ofthe ratio of speech peaks to the intersyllable noise floor. The speechinput E_(in) represented by signal 80 in FIG. 6 includes a voltage peake_(p) and voltage valley e_(v). The voltage peak e_(p) is indicative ofthe recovered modulation and its value in an FM system is dependent onthe frequency deviation of the received input signal. The voltage valleye_(v) is the level of the noise floor during speech pauses. The speechinput E_(in) is applied to a log amplifier 81. The logarithm of theinput signal (LOG E_(in)) is coupled to and processed in envelopedetector 83 to obtain signal 84 which is the envelope of the logarithmof the input signal. The envelope signal 84 is coupled to a peakdetector 85 and a valley detector 86. The voltage at the output of thepeak detector 85 is proportional to the logarithm of the speech peaksand the voltage at the output of the valley detector 86 is proportionalto the logarithm of the noise floor voltage during the speech pauses.The speech peak detector 85 may include, for example, an RC timeconstant circuit at the output of an operational amplifier 90 wherebythe envelope signal charges a capacitor 91, via a resistor 92 and adiode 93 with relatively low leakage current so that the capacitoressentially always stores the highest or peak voltage of the incomingsignal over a time period of, for example, one second. The dischargepath is provided via resistor 100 and part of the subtractor 88 which isan operational amplifier. The discharge time is one second withcapacitor 91 being 1 microfard and resistor 100 being 1 megaohm. Thevalley detector 86 may include a circuit for discharging a capacitor 95coupled to a supply voltage 96. The discharge circuit includes diode 97,resistor 99 and operational amplifier 98. Capacitor 95 recharges over atime period of about 4 seconds. The time periods that capacitor 91 holdsits charge and it takes capacitor 95 to recharge is sufficient time forboth speech modulation and speech pauses to occur. The detected peaklevel signal and the detected valley level signal are coupled to asubtractor 88. The subtractor 88 may be an operational amplifier, suchas an RCA Corporation CA 3130, arranged in a standard substractconfiguration with a bias supplied to the non-inverting input to forcethe output to +V when no modulation is present. The output from the peakdetector 85, for example, is coupled to the inverting input terminal ofthe operational amplifier of the substractor, and the output from thevalley detector 84 is coupled to the non-inverting terminal. Operationalamplifier CA 3130 may be purchased from RCA Corporation, Somerville,N.J. Since the output voltage from the peak detector 85 is proportionalto the logarithm of the speech peaks K (LOG e_(p)) and the outputvoltage from the valley detector 86 is proportional to the logarithm ofthe noise floor speech pauses K (LOG e_(v)), the output E_(o) from thesubstractor is K (LOGe_(v) - LOGe_(p)). Since the logarithm of the ratioof the two numbers is equal to the difference between the logarithm ofthe two numbers, the output from the evaluator 43 is equal to -KLOGe_(p)/e_(v). It is noted that the negative sign in front of the term in theoutput voltage of the expression resulted in the way the peak and valleysignals were coupled to the comparator and indicates that increasingsignal-to-noise ratio results in a decrease in output signal level. Thismay be reversed in other systems.

As mentioned previously, the output from each of the S/N evaluatorcircuits is coupled via S/N enhancement such as enhancement 48 in FIG. 3to each comparator. The S/N enhancement device allows artificialenhancement of the detected signal-to-noise ratio in a previously votedcomparator module. This enhancement is to prevent switching between thereceivers unless there is a significant improvement in signal-to-noiseratio. As mentioned previously, signal quality in the S/N evaluator inthe herein described system is designed so that as the signal-to-noiseratio increases the output goes toward zero. Therefore, artificialenhancement is provided by reducing the voltage at the output of the S/Nevaluator as illustrated in FIG. 7. The voltage E_(A) in FIG. 7 is theoutput from the S/N evaluator as discussed above and E_(B) is theenhanced output. As the S/N ratio increases as shown in FIG. 7, thevoltage decreases toward ground potential. See curve X. The enhancementis accomplished by changing the ratio of a resistive voltage dividerwhen the module is voted. Referring to FIG. 8, the voltage dividerincludes resistors 101, 102 and 103. Without enhancement, gate 104 isopen and the output of the divider is: ##EQU1## where R₁₀₂ equals theresistance of resistor 102 and R₁₀₁ equals the resistance of resistor101.

With enhancement gate 104 closed, the output is, ##EQU2##

Since the input to the enhancement circuit is the log of the speech peakto noise floor ratio, the enhanced output has a logarithmic relation tothe input noise floor. Thus, anytime gate 104 is closed (switch closed),the output represents a constant (in terms of decibel) improvement inthe input S/N ratio regardless of the actual value of the original S/Nratio. The closing of gate 104 is responsive to an output signal fromvoted audio switch control such as control 55 in module 31 of FIG. 3.This closing of gate 104 is an equivalent of a reduction in the inputnoise level. When the gate 104 is closed, the voltage decreases furthertoward ground as illustrated in curve Y of FIG. 7. For our specificembodiment to provide 3 db improvement R₁₀₁ is 10 ohms, R₁₀₂ is 100ohms, and R₁₀₃ is 20 ohms.

It is desirable to prevent multiple voting where two or more signalshave about the same S/N ratio. According to the priority logic 63, thefirst to achieve a vote inhibits all the others from voting. The delayoff timer 67 holds the vote until the system is set up to revote. Asmentioned previously, the output from each priority logic is coupled topriority bus 76. When a comparator module is selected a high is providedfrom the priority circuit of the selected comparator module to thepriority bus. A sensed high on the priority bus 76 (for example fromlogic 63 in FIG. 3) inhibits all of the other modules from voting.Referring to FIG. 9, there is illustrated a diagram of the prioritysystem. The priority system of each module includes the priority logic(such as logic 63 in FIG. 3) and a delay off timer such as delay offtimer 67. NOR gate 55a is part of voted audio switch control 55. Thepriority logic 63 includes three NOR gates 110, 111, and 113 and diode115. One input terminal of NOR gate 110 is coupled to Q terminal oflatch 57. The output of NOR gate 110 is coupled to delay off timer 67,one terminal of NOR gate 113 and the anode of diode 115. The cathode ofdiode 115 is coupled to the priority bus 76 and to both input terminalsof NOR gate 111. The output of NOR gate 111 is the second input to NORgate 113. The output from NOR gate 113 is applied to NOR gate 110 and isapplied to NOR gate 55a of voted audio switch control 55. Delay offtimer 67 comprises a diode 117, an RC timer circuit of capacitor 119 andresistor 121 in parallel, and NOR gate 125. The output from NOR gate 110is coupled to the anode of diode 117 and the cathode of diode 117 iscoupled to resistor 121 and capacitor 119 and to the NOR gate 125. Theoutput of NOR gate 125 is applied as a second input to NOR gate 55a.When the output from gate 110 is high, gate 125 immediately provides alow and capacitor 119 charges. When latch 57 is reset to a high to beginvoting, the previously voted module stays "on" until a new vote has beencoupled by maintaining a low out of NOR gate 125 for the discharge timeof capacitor 119 through resistor 121.

The operation of the above described priority sub-system will bedescribed with the aid of the following table where the symbols in thetable are shown in FIG. 9:

    ______________________________________                                        Q     A     P     B   C   V                                                   1     0     0     1   0   0    no activity                                    1     0     1     0   1   0    External Activity - no                                                        internal activity                              0     1     1     0   0   1    Internal Activity first                        0     0     1     0   1   0    External activity prior                                                       to internal activity                           ______________________________________                                    

where Q is the output from latch 57, A is the output from gate 110, P isthe level on the priority bus. B is the output of gate 111, C is theoutput of gate 113, and V is the output of gate 55a. Logic symbol 1refers to a high or logic "one" level signal and logic symbol 0indicates a low or logic "zero" level signal.

When there is no activity detected in the module or other modules, theoutput P on the priority bus is low. When Q is high during voting theoutput A of gate 110 is low. The output B from gate 111 is high since Pis low and the output C from gate 113 is low since B is high. Since theoutput A is low, NOR gate 125 provides a high to gate 55a andconsequently a low at point V.

When there is no internal activity detected in the module but there is avoted condition in one of the other modules, the signal level on thepriority bus is high. This high at P causes gate 111 to provide a low atpoint B. Since the output of gate 110 is low when Q is high and point Bis low, the output of gate 113 (point C) is high. The output of gates110 and gate 55a is blocked from further activity and the voltage at Vis low.

If the module containing this priority circuit is the first to achieveactivity, latch 57 is the first to go low when the voltage at point P onthe priority bus is low. Since P is low, the output B of gate 111 isinitially high providing a low at C to gate 110. Since Q provides asecond low to gate 110, a high is provided at point A to diodes 115 and117. A high at diode 115 provides a high on the priority bus. A high atdiode 117 provides immediately a high to NOR gate 125 causing animmediate low to gate 55a. The high at point A causes capacitor 119 tocharge. Since point C is already at a low, gate 55a is gated to providea high at point V to couple signals at that receiver associated withthis module to audio processor 71. The output at C from gate 113 stayslow since the level at point A is high.

When latch 57 is reset during the sample period by timer 73 and Q goesto a high, point A goes low, point P goes low, point C goes low andsince capacitor 119 is charged the output of gate 125 stays low for thetime period such as 25 to 50 milliseconds it takes capacitor 119 todischarge through resistor 121 to the threshold level of gate 125. Ifthis occurs before there is a newly received transmission, the gate 55ais gated "off" via a high from gate 125. It is assumed that duringnormal conversations, a signal is detected in the comparator of one ofthe modules before capacitor 119 is sufficiently discharged to gate"off" gate 55a. This time off timer functions with the discharge time ofcapacitor 119 to prevent revoting until the system is set up to revote.

If the module becomes active shortly after another module has becomeactive, P is already high before Q goes low. When P is high, B goes low.Q is first high providing a low at point A and a high at point C. When Qgoes low, point A stays low with point C staying high. Gate 110 and 55astay blocked keeping a low at points A and V.

What is claimed is:
 1. A speech signal quality evaluator comprising:alogarithmic amplifier responsive to said speech signal including noiselevel signals occurring during pauses between speech signals forproviding a signal proportional to the logarithm of said speech signalsand said noise signals, an envelope detector responsive to said signalproportional to the logarithm of said speech signals and said noisesignals for providing a detected signal proportional to the envelope ofthe logarithm of said speech signals and noise signals, a peak detectorresponsive to said detected signal over a first time period includingnormal speech for providing a signal proportional to the peaks of saiddetected signal, a valley detector responsive to said detected signalover a second time period including said speech pauses for providing asignal proportional to the intersyllable noise floor, and subtractormeans responsive to the amplitude level of said peak detected signal andto the amplitude level of said valley detected signal for providing asignal quality signal equal to the arithmetic difference between theamplitude levels of said peak detected signal and said valley detectedsignal.
 2. The combination of claim 1 wherein said first time period issufficient for both normal speech and speech pauses to occur.
 3. Thecombination of claim 1 wherein said first time period is about onesecond.
 4. The combination of claim 3 wherein said second time period isabout four seconds.
 5. A system for selecting a speech signal from aplurality of speech signals of like information content where saidspeech signals include normal speech and pauses between said speechcomprising:a separate signal quality detector responsive to each of saidspeech signals over a time period including normal speech and pausesbetween speech for providing a level signal equal to the logarithm ofthe ratio of the peak of the speech signal to the valley of the speechsignal, a separate selection gate responsive to each of said speechsignals with the outputs of said gates connected in common to autilization circuit, and means connected to each of said qualitydetectors responsive to said level signals for providing a controlsignal to that one of said selection gates corresponding to the qualitydetector responsive to the highest of said peak to valley ratio signalto cause that selection gate to couple the speech signal to which it isresponsive to said utilization circuit.